基于《里山倡议》的乡村旅游发展途径初探——以台湾桃园地区对乡村旅游转型的需求为例

Pathways to Sustainable Rural Tourism:Satoyama Approaches for Developing Rural Tourism in Taoyuan,Taiwan,China

乡村旅游作为乡村地区发展的途径之一,必须面对当代乡村景观中传统农业主体性破坏对游憩资源运用的影响。在此过程中,最基本的问题在于乡村地区如何在发展与保护之间取得平衡?乡村旅游以环境资源为基础,建立适宜的乡村环境管理与旅游模式才是乡村旅游发展的根本。该研究主要结合《里山倡议(Satoyama Initiative)》的环境管理概念,探讨其融入乡村旅游发展的可能性,并以我国台湾桃园地区乡村景观为案例,通过对桃园地区乡村景观变迁的研究访谈、空间分析及乡村旅游发展课题的探讨,初步提出三种基于里山倡议概念的乡村旅游发展的可行途径,为未来乡村旅游规划活动提供一定的参考。

Tourism is one of the strategies to develop rural areas and it is critical to address the problems derived from modern agriculture that deteriorates rural landscape and ecosystems. Given that traditional activities and associated agricultural landscape is the spirit of successful rural tourism, attention has been drawn to the balance between conservation and development. In the process of transforming a production landscape to a more attractive recreational environment, building appropriate management methods for sustainable use of ecosystem services of rural landscape is needed. Valuing that several traditional human activities in rural areas have created a harmony with natural environments through maintaining mosaic landscape, the Satoyama Initiative argues sustainable social-environmental interaction that will bring mutual benefits to people and wildlife in today＇ s rural environments. Drawing from this concept, this study seeks a sustainable management strategy that can be integrated into the development of rural tourism. Taoyuan County, Taiwan, is chosen as a case study area, because recent rapid urbanization has significant impact on its unique rurality, including ecological, industrial-occupation, and social- cultural characteristics. Promoting rural tourism for reviving local development in such condition is particularly challenging. By means of the interview with local farmers and stockholders, focus group discussion with experts in NGOs, and spatial analyses, this study proposes three management strategies for sustainable rural tourism. These strategies include： promoting local consumption of local products; encouraging environmental education; and developing community-based management in developing rural eco-tourism. It is anticipated that characteristic rural landscape in China might be better urbanization. this research could shed light to how the preserved in facing the significant pressure of urbanization.