国外社会安全事件行政问责的经验及启示

Experiences of Foreign Social Safety Incident Administrative Accountability and Its Enlightenment

"社会安全事件"是指涉及公共生活安全、社会秩序、政权稳定等社会安全领域,因人为因素而短时间内对众多社会成员利益造成严重威胁或损害,并需要采取紧急措施应对的重大突发性事件。该类事件的特点、范畴和发生频率决定了其是当前我国行政问责的主要内容。当代行政问责制度起源于西方国家,其在西方民主政治体系中经过长期的实践运行与理论总结,在行政问责程序、行政问责法律等方面都达到了相对成熟的发展阶段。社会安全事件行政问责制度作为西方国家行政问责制度的重要组成部分,其在实施过程、法律规范、有效监督和权力制约等方面的成功经验是能为促进我国社会安全事件行政问责的发展提供有益参考与借鉴的。

Social safety incident refers to major sudden events involved in many social security fields of public life security,social order,political stability,etc,events occurring in a short period of time due to human factors, causing serious threats or harms to many social members, and needing to take urgent measures to cope with. Its characteristics, category and occurring frequency determined that it was the main content of administration ac- countability in current China. The contemporary administration accountability system originated in western coun- tries, and it went through a long period of practical operation and theoretieal summary in western democratic polit- ical system,and have reached a relatively mature development stage in aspects such as administrative accounta- bility procedures and administrative accountability laws. Social security incident administration accountability sys- tem is an important part of the administrative accountability system in western countries,its suceessful experiences in implementation process, legal norms, effective supervision and power restriction can provide beneficial references for promoting the development of social security incident administrative accountability in China.