佛教与敦煌信众死亡观的嬗变——以隋唐宋初敦煌写经题记为中心

Evolution in View of Death in Buddhism and Dunhuang Followers ——Focus on Inscription of Scripture Scribers in Dunhuang during Sui, Tang and Early Song Dynasties

死后世界是每个民族和文化共同关心和探讨的话题。佛教传入中国后,着力宣扬业力果报和六道轮回,深刻冲击了中土人生一世、魂归墓穴和羽化升天原有的认识,三世六道轮回成为信众思考逝后世界的新模式。为拯救亡灵于恶道,由原先为亡者陪葬实物这种重视物质的救济,转变成为拯救灵魂而做种种功德,抄写佛经即是其中一种方式。

Post-mortal world is a topic of common concern and discussion for every nation and culture.After Buddhism was introduced to China, it was intended to preach retribution and the six great divisions in the wheel of karma, shook strongly Chinese idea that one lives through one＇s life before his soul returns to coffin pit and ascends to heaven but triple world and the six great divisions in the wheel of karma became a new model for followers to consider after death. In order to save dead soul from wickedness, relief with focus on materials by burying materials together with the dead was converted to virtues practiced to save soul from sins, exemplified by scripture transcribing.