当代中国非公企业的产权革命与国家自主性——兼论非公企业发展的空间与限度

Property-rights Revolution of Contemporary Chinese Non-public Enterprises and State Autonomy——Development Space and Limits of Non-public Enterprises

新中国成立以后,非公企业的一次产权革命推进了国家自主性的快速增长。改革开放后,非公企业的二次产权革命使国家自主性逐渐沿着提升与制约相反相成的路径发展。坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的政治经济制度为非公企业的发展预设了制度空间,又指出其发展限度。所有制结构的非均衡性是社会主义本质的必然要求,也是国家自主性的提升优先于对其制约、国家集权优先于社会分权的深刻原因和集中体现,还反映出在还权于社会、还政于民的过程中维持较高国家自主性的必要性和重要性,正是这种自主性决定着非公企业的有限发展。

After China was founded, the first revolution of non-public enterprises led to the rapid growth of state autonomy. With the reform and opening, the second revolution of non-public enterprises further drove state autonomy along an opposite and complementary path of elevation and restraint. The economic and political system, which upholds and perfects the mainstay of public ownership and its joint development with diversified ownership economy, not only presets system space for the development of non-public enterprises, but also clearly demonstrates its development limits. The non-equilibrium of the present ownership structure is the essential requirement of socialism, the deep cause and embodiment of the situation that the growth of state autonomy takes precedence over the restraint of state autonomy and centralization of state power over decentralization of society. It also reflects the necessity and importance of maintaining high state autonomy in a political process of returning power to society and people. It is the elevation of state autonomy that decides the developing space and limits of non-public enterprises.