秦皇岛市吸毒人员636名HIV,HCV和梅毒感染情况及影响因素分析

The Infectious Status of HIV,HCV and Treponema pallidum Infection,and Related Risk Factor in 636 Drug Users in Qinhuangdao City

目的了解秦皇岛市吸毒人群HIV,HCV和梅毒感染情况及其影响因素,为今后制定防治HIV,HCV和梅毒在吸毒人群中传播的策略提供科学依据。方法对2010年1月-2012年12月秦皇岛市美沙酮门诊和看守所636名吸毒人员进行自拟问卷调查和血清学检测,以分析HIV,HCV和梅毒阳性感染影响因素。结果 636名吸毒者中,注射吸毒占61.01%(388例),其中共用针具占29.90%(116例)。最近一年有商业性性活动者占17.30%(110例)。HIV,HCV和梅毒感染率依次为1.10%(7例)、52.20%(332例)和7.08%(45例)。吸毒人群3年来的HIV和HCV感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);年龄、文化程度、婚姻、户籍、民族、注射吸毒、共用针具与HIV和HCV感染相关;梅毒感染率呈显著上升趋势,3年的差异有统计学意义(P=0.028)。无因素与梅毒感染相关联。结论秦皇岛市吸毒人群HIV感染率较低,共用针具是其主要危险因素。梅毒和HCV感染率较高,注射吸毒是HCV感染的主要危险因素。积极宣传和推广美沙酮维持治疗,有针对性减少危险行为发生,可控制和降低HIV,HCV和梅毒在吸毒人群中传播和流行。

Objective To understand the infectious status of HIV, HCV and Treponema pallidum （TP） and related factors in drug users in Qinhuangdao, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HIV, HCV and TP for drug users. Methods A total of 636 drug users from methadone clinic and compulsory drug detention and rehabilitation center of Qinhuangdao from January in 2010 and December in 2012 were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaires. Serological test, factors associated with HIV, HCV and TP infection were analyzed. Results Among 636 drug users, 29.90% （ 116 cases） of injecting drug users （61.01% , 388 cases） shared needles. In a recent year sexual traders accounted for 17.3% （110 cases）. The positive of rates of HIV, HCV, TP were 1.1% , 52.20% , 7.08% , respectively. The infection rates of HIV and HCV were no significantly different in drug users during the last 3 years. Age, culture, marriage, resident register, race, injecting drug, sharing needle were associated with the HIV and HCV infection. The infection rates of TP tended to increase during the last 3 years （ P = 0. 028 ）. No factors were found to be linked to TP infection. Conclusion The infection of HIV among drug users in Qinhuangdao was relatively low. Sharing needle and injecting drug are the main risk factors for HIV infection and HCV infection respectively. The infection rates of TP and HCV are higher. Intervention measures for prevention of transmission and prevalence include publication education, methadone maintenance treatment, and avoiding unprotected intercourse.