兔动脉粥样硬化血管成形术后再狭窄模型的建立与改良

Establishment of a modified rabbit model of artery restenosis after atherosclerosis angioplasty

目的:探讨建立兔动脉粥样硬化血管成形术后再狭窄模型的有效方法。方法:30只雄性新西兰大白兔,随机分成3组,即空白对照组、下肢动脉切开组及下肢动脉穿刺组,每组10只。空白对照组仅行高脂饲料喂养,另外2组高脂饲料喂养1周后行下肢动脉穿刺或切开行髂动脉内膜剥脱术,继续高脂饲料喂养4周,下肢动脉穿刺组再次穿刺股动脉行髂动脉球囊成形术,下肢动脉切开组经颈动脉切开行髂动脉球囊成形术。3组均普通饲料喂养4周,计算每天进食饲料量,采血化验血脂,取病变段血管行苏木精-伊红染色及图像工作站对血管造影结果行血管狭窄分析。结果:下肢动脉切开组进食饲料量减少,血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著低于对照组。3组动物均出现下肢动脉粥样硬化,其中下肢动脉穿刺组及下肢动脉切开组内膜显著增厚,管腔狭窄。动脉穿刺组与动脉切开组血管面积狭窄率及直径狭窄率与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:下肢动脉穿刺与球囊损伤、球囊血管成形术结合可成功建立兔动脉粥样硬化血管成形术后再狭窄模型,方法简单,可重复性强,较下肢动脉切开术更适合血管成形术后再狭窄模型的建立。

AIM：To establish a rabbit model of vascular restenosis after atherosclerosis angioplasty. METHODS： Male New Zealand white rabbits （n = 30） were randomly divided into 3 groups （ 10 rabbits in each group）. The rablilts in control group were treated with high-fat diet. The rabbits in the other 2 groups were first treated with iliae artery endarterectomy by lower limh artery incision and lower extremity arterial puneture after 1 week of high-fat diet. respectively.The rabhits in these 2 groups were then kept feeding with high-fat diet for another 4 weeks after the operation.The rabbits in lower limb artery incision group were subjected to iliae artery balloon angioplasty by carotid artery incision, and the rabbits in lower extremity arterial puncture group were subjected to iliae artery balloon angioplasty by femoral artery puncture. All animals in these 3 groups were fed with normal diet for 4 weeks. The amount of daily feeding, blood lipids and pathological vascular stenosis were analyzed. RESULTS： The amount of daily feeding and the serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were less in-lower limb artery incision group than those in lower extremity arterial puncture group and control group. All rabbits in these 3 groups showed lower limb atheroscierosis. The lower extremity arterial intima was thicker in lower limb artery ineision grnup and lower extremity arterial puncture group than that in contrnl group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The vascular area stenosis rate and diameter stenosis rate in lower extremity arlerial puncture group anti lower limb artery incision grnup were lower than those in control group. CONCLUSION： The model of rabbit vascular restenosis after atheroselerosis angioplasty is successfully set up with the method of combined lower limb artery puncture with artery balloon angioplasty. It is superior for restenosis after angioplasty to lower extremity arterial puncture because of its simplicity reproducibility.