乾隆中期宫廷铜法铃制作的创新与变化

The Innovation and Reformation in Production of The Imperial Buddhist Copper Bell in The Mid-period of Qianlong's Regime

铜法铃是清宫佛堂中最常见的法器和供器之一。根据档案记载,乾隆时期清宫造办处曾制作过大量的铜法铃。为了使铜法铃的声音更加响亮、清纯,造型更加规范,造办处首先对制作铜法铃的材料配方进行了多种试验。随后,又对铜法铃的尺寸、款识、纹饰进行了改进和确定。本文以故宫博物院收藏的乾隆款铜法铃为例,结合清代档案和史料,就乾隆中期宫中铸铃的配方试验、尺寸、款识、纹饰变化以及铜法铃的使用情况进行探讨。

As is recorded, there was an increasing number of copper bells, the most common Dharma instrument or offering object enshrined in the Buddhist temple, made in the imperial workshops in the period of Emperor Qianlong's( 乾隆) reign. In order to make the bells look model-shaped and sound louder and clearer the workshops carried out series of tests on the formulas of the stuff which the bells were made from, redesigned the sizes, inscriptions and patterns on the bells as well. This paper makes a case study of the copper bells in the shape of Qianlong's period which are collected in the Palace Museum by historical archives of Qing Court, intending to get more ideas about the measures for improving the quality and design of this kind of bell in terms of the formulae of stuff, size, inscription, pattern and the uses of the instrument.