大数据与广义GIS

Big Data and Generalized GIS

普适计算基础设施和数据处理技术的发展催生了大数据概念,而大数据时空粒度的不断细化加速了地理空间信息的泛化过程。阐述了大数据时代地理空间信息泛化的显著特征,进而提出GIS概念广义化的迫切需求,从数据采集与整理、数据管理与集成、数据分析与计算三个方面分析了广义GIS所面临的技术挑战,重点探讨了互联网蕴含地理空间数据采集、移动对象数据库和异构动态数据管理、移动对象轨迹数据挖掘、复杂网络分析等方面的研究进展与存在的问题,并展望了广义GIS时代地理计算与城市计算、社会计算的融合趋势。

The development of an ubiquitous computing infrastructure and data processing technologies are giving birth to big data, and the continuous refining of the spatial-temporal granularities of big data speeds up the generalization of geo-spatial information. In this paper, the distinctive characteristics of generalized geo-spatial information are investigated, and the urgent need for a more generalized concept of GIS are clarified. Then the technical challenges for general GIS are set forward in terms of data collection and cleaning, data management and integration, and data analysis and computing. The progress is summarized and the research issues are discussed in geo-spatial data collection with Internet text mining, moving object database, dynamic and heterogeneous data management, moving trajectory data mining, and complex network analysis. The fusion of geocomputation, urban computing and social computing in the near future is considered at the end of the paper.