寒地水稻种质资源产量构成因素与产量的关系研究

Analysis on the Relationship Between Yield Components and Yield of Rice Germplasm in Cold Region

为选育优质高产水稻品种,将寒地水稻种质资源按照不同的栽培方式,分为直播时期水稻品种、育苗移栽时期水稻品种和旱育稀植时期水稻品种三个群体,并对其产量构成因素与产量的关系进行研究。结果表明:三个时期的寒地水稻种质资源中,旱育稀植时期的水稻品种的各产量构成因素均在合适的数值范围,对其产量均有贡献。同时研究提出在旱育稀植的栽培条件下,水稻新品种的育种目标是适高抗倒,少蘖、大穗、密穗,抗病虫,耐冷,出米率高,优质,根系活力强,叶片上举,活秆成熟等。

Rice germplasm are classified into three groups induding direct seeding rice, seedling transplantation rice and dry raising and sparse-planting rice according to the cultivation method. In order to breed high quality and yield varieties,the relationship between yield components and yield of the different varieties of rice was evaluated. The results showed that varieties in dry-raising and sparse-planting perid had suitable yield components and contributed to the yield. Then the breeding targets of rice were put forward, including lodging resistance, few tillers, big panicle, high density panicle, insect and disease resistance, cold resistance, high milled grain rate, good quality, nice to palate, good appearance, high root activity, erect leaves and ripe with the living culms under the dry-raising and sparse planting condition.