舟山群岛2种濒危植物生境特征与迁地保护研究

Habitat characteristics and ex-situ conservation of two endangered species in the Zhoushan archipelago

对舟山群岛2种濒危植物普陀樟Cinnamomum japonicum var.chenii和舟山新木姜子Neolitsea sericea的天然生境和迁地保护区生境进行了调查与比较分析。调查结果显示:2种植物所处群落具有亚热带常绿阔叶林的特点。普陀樟原生境土层较厚、有机质较丰富,呈酸性;舟山新木姜子原生境土壤土层较薄,肥力较强,呈酸性。迁地保护区群落具有常绿落叶阔叶混交林的特点。迁地保护区土壤呈酸性,有机质质量分数呈中等程度。对原生境和迁地保护区重要特征进行了比较分析。结果表明:无论是自然气候条件、群落特征还是土壤理化性质上,2种生境都有很大程度的相似性。在此基础上,本着尽可能保持种群多样性的原则,迁地保护了普陀樟的5个种群和舟山新木姜子的5个种群。通过物候观察,普陀樟和舟山新木姜子已经在迁地保护区开花结果。

A comparative study of the in-situ and ex-situ habitat characteristics of two endangered species including Cinnamomum japonicum var.chenii and Neolitsea sericea was conducted in the Zhoushan archipelago.The results indicated that the two species both grew in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests.The nat ural habitat of Cinnamomum japonicum var.chenii was characterized by acid and thick soil with rich organicmatter; and that of Neolitsea sericea was characterized by acid and thin soil with rich soil fertility.Community structure of ex-situ conservation area was a typical evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest.The soil in the ex-situ conservation was acid and contained moderate organic matters.A comparative analysis of climate,community and soil characteristics was conducted between the natural and ex-situ habitats.The results indicated that their natural climatic conditions,community characteristics,and soil physical and chemical properties were very similar.Based on our research findings and the principle of maintaining the population diversity as much as possible,we conducted an ex-situ conservation of five populations of Cinnamomum japonicum var.chenii and five populations of Neolitsea sericea.These two species already bloomed and borne fruits in the exsitu conservation area.