紫叶李叶片色素成分分析

Chromogenic pigments in Prunus cerasifera leaves

紫叶李Prunus cerasifera是常见的园林绿化观叶树种,其叶片在整个生长季节均为紫红色。以紫叶李叶片为试验材料,利用高效液相色谱仪-二极管阵列检测器、紫外-可见分光光度计、薄层色谱分析法对紫叶李叶片的色素种类及含量进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明:紫叶李叶片内含有类胡萝卜素、叶绿素(叶绿素a为主)、矢车菊素、矮牵牛素、矢车菊素半乳糖苷、天竺葵素及其他单体酚(槲皮素、芦丁、二氢杨梅酮等)。其中,矢车菊素半乳糖苷、矢车菊素和叶绿素的共存互作是其叶片呈现紫红色的主要原因,类胡萝卜素、槲皮素、芦丁等辅助色素也起到了辅助成色的作用。

Prunus cerasifera,the most common foliage tree on the landscape,have purple leaves throughout their growing season.To provide a theoretical basis for cultivar improvement and to determine their role in breeding,pigments of P.cerasifera leaves were qualitatively identified using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）,thin layer chromatography,and UV photo-spectrometer; and then quantitatively analyzed with HPLC-Diode array detector （DAD）.Results demonstrated that the main chromogenic pigments in P.cerasifera leaves were carotenoids,chlorophyll （mainly chlorophyll a）,cyanidin,petunidin,cyanidingalactoside,pelargonidin,and other monomeric phenols （quercetin,rutin,and dihydromyricetin）.Accumulation of cyanidin-galactoside and cyanidin caused the red coloration; and chlorophyll,carotenoids,quercetin,and rutin played an important role as co-pigments.Pigments and the coloring mechanism of leaves could provide a theoretical basis for cultivar improvement and could play an important role in P.cerasifera breeding.