1981—2010年佛山地区气温、降水和灾害性天气的特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Temperature,Precipitation and Destructive Weather in Foshan Region from 1981 to 2010

根据佛山地区3个气象站1981—2010年的观测资料,采用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,研究佛山地区近30年气温、降水和灾害性天气的变化特征。结果表明,近30年佛山的年平均气温具有上升的趋势,在1994年发生突变,快速增暖;年雨量波动明显,年降雨日数则呈现出下滑的趋势。高温、暴雨、强对流天气、灰霾等是影响佛山的主要灾害性天气。高温日数呈现出增加的趋势,持续高温现象加剧。暴雨日数具有非常明显的年际变化特征,总体上呈波动且缓慢上升的趋势。佛山全年均有可能出现强对流天气,其中6—8月是高发期,在10月随着汛期的结束强对流天气急剧下降。灰霾天气主要发生在1—3月份和10—12月份,2007年之后,逐年灰霾日数缓慢下降。

Based on the observations from three meteorological stations in Foshan from 1981 to 2010 and with the methods of trend analysis and Mann-Kendall abruptness test,the variation characteristics are studied of temperature,precipitation and destructive weather for the past 30 years. The results are shown as follows.The annual mean temperature of Foshan tends to increase over the past 30 years with an abrupt change in1994 that marks with a rapid warming. The annual rainfall amount varies significantly with the number of annual rain days showing a decreasing trend. High temperatures,severe convection and haze are the main destructive weather that affect the city. The number of high-temperature days shows an increasing trend and high-temperature weather with extended duration is increasing dramatically. Significant interannual variations are found in the number of torrential rain days with a fluctuating but generally rising trend. In Foshan,it is possible for severe convection to occur throughout the year but June to August is the time of high occurrence.In October,with the end of flood season,severe convection drops substantially. The hazy weather mainly happens in January to March and October to December. Since 2007,the number of annual hazy days has reduced gradually.