大学生的择业完美主义与就业压力、择业焦虑的关系

The Relationship between Perfectionism and Stress、 Anxiety in Career Decision-Making of College Students

目的探讨大学生的择业完美主义与就业压力、择业焦虑的关系,以及就业压力的中介作用。方法用大学生择业完美主义量表、就业压力量表和择业焦虑量表对858名大学生进行测验。结果 (1)女生的追求理想和就业压力高于男生,在乎挫折低于男生;重点大学的自我实现高于非重点大学,就业压力和焦虑低于非重点大学;城市籍学生的就业压力和焦虑低于乡村籍学生。一年级的完美主义心理和家庭压力感比高年级健康,但专业压力和缺乏支持感强与高年级。(2)积极完美主义与就业压力、择业焦虑呈负相关,消极完美主义与就业压力、择业焦虑呈正相关,就业压力与择业焦虑呈正相关;(3)就业压力对自我实现、在乎挫折、要求太高和择业焦虑起部分中介作用。结论鼓励自我实现、提高抗挫能力和设置合理目标能降低择业焦虑。择业心理健康教育应从新生开始。

Objective To investigate the relationship between career decision-making perfectionism,stress and anxiety,and the mediating effect of stress.Methods 858 college students were assessed with Career Decision-Making Perfectionism Scale （CDMPS）,Employment Pressure Scale （EPS） and Career Decision-Making Anxiety Scale （CDMAS）.Results （1） Females＇ Striving for ideal and employnent stress were higher than males＇,while their concern over fiustation was lower.Key university students＇ self-actualization was higher than no-key university students＇.The stress and anxiety of students from rural area were higher than those of students from urban area.Freshmen＇ s perfectionism and stress from family were healthier than those of junior and senior students,whereas freshmen＇ s stress from major and lack of support were stronger.（2） Positive perfectionism was negatively correlated with stress and anxiety,while negative perfectionism was positively correlated with them; Stress was positively correlated with anxiety; （3） Stress partially mediated self-actualization,concern over frustration,over expectation and anxiety.Conclusion Encouraging self-actualization,enhancing anti-frustration capability and setting realistic goal are effective ways to decrease anxiety in career decision-making.Mental health education in career decision-making should start from freshmen.