北京市特殊教育学校布局和选址研究

On Special Education School Layout in Beijing

本研究以北京市现有特殊教育学校布局现状和近期特殊教育学校需求为基础,探讨了北京市特殊教育学校布局的空间优选模型,并在ArcGIS系统中根据搜集和整理的北京市现有特殊教育学校信息及分布图、特殊教育学校缓冲区图、坡度图、遥感图、交通图、河流湖泊分布图、人口密度图、水泥厂化工厂垃圾填埋场看守所分布图、土地利用总体规划图等数据,提出了北京市设立特殊教育学校的一级、二级和三级选址目标区,以及53个北京市特殊教育布局优选区块,还以模拟选址方式提出建设4所特殊教育学校的构想,使北京市各乡镇街道到达特殊教育学校的最短距离(平均求学距离)从11.77km下降至9.19km,使70个求学距离超过20km的乡镇街道,其平均求学距离从30.78km下降到了19.81km。这些选址目标区、优选区块和模拟选址地将为北京市特殊教育布局规划和决策提供参考依据。

This study,based on the current layout and recent demands of the special education schools in Beijing,probes into the optimized models for the layout of the special education schools in Beijing. Under the system of ArcGIS,as well as the current information and layout of the special education schools in Beijing,their buffer map,slope map,remote-sensing map,traffic map,map of rivers and lakes,population density map,map of the distribution of cement plants,chemical plants,landfills and detention centers,and land-use planning map,the study proposes 24 sites at 3 levels for the special education schools in Beijing,and 53 optimized blocks located in the proposed sites at 3 levels for the layout of the special education schools. These sites and blocks are expected to provide reference for the recent layout and decisionmaking for the special education schools in Beijing.