中学班级创新氛围的特征及其对中学生日常创造性行为的影响机制

The Creative Classroom Environment in Secondary Schools and Its Effect on Students' Daily Creative Behaviors

对17名高创造力学生和28名具有创新教学经验教师的访谈资料进行质性分析,归纳出我国教育现状下的班级创新氛围的特征包括鼓励支持、自主准予、启发探索、忽视抑制四个方面,并据此编制班级创新氛围问卷进行验证。对36个班级共1235名中学生的问卷进行分析后,形成班级创新氛围问卷,问卷结构与四因素模型拟合最优,验证了班级创新氛围的结构特征。进一步考察不同年级和性别学生感知到的班级创新氛围特点,结果显示初一和高一年级的班级创新氛围整体好于其他年级;女生感知到的班级创新氛围好于男生。不同类型班级创新氛围下学生的创造力表现不同,支持型班级的学生日常创造性行为得分最高、一般型次之、抑制型最低。最后采用多层线性模型技术分析班级创新氛围与人格的开放性和中学生日常创造性行为的关系,结果发现班级创新氛围对开放性和日常创造性行为有积极影响,开放性是班级创新氛围与中学生日常创造性行为之间跨层次的中介变量。

The present study,based on a qualitative analysis of interviews with 17 highly creative students and 28 teachers who have experience in cultivating creativity,summarizes the characteristics of the creative classroom environment,which include encouraging and supporting,permitting autonomy,guiding exploration,and ignoring and suppressing,and through an analysis of the questionnaires collected from1235 students in 36 classrooms,develops the creative classroom environment scale,which further verifies the structure of the creative classroom environment. A further probe into the creative classroom environment perceived by the students at different ages and of both genders shows that the first grade of lower or upper secondary schools has a better creative classroom environment than the other grades do,and that the girls perceive a better creative classroom environment than the boys; in different types of creative classroom environments,the students show different degrees of creativity,with the students supporting creativity scoring the highest in daily creative behaviors. In conclusion,the study,using the hierarchical linear model（ HLM）,analyzes the relationship between the creative classroom environment and secondary school students’ openness and daily creative behaviors. The findings show that the creative classroom environment has a positive effect on the students’ openness and daily creative behaviors,and that openness is a crosslevel mediator between the creative classroom environment and the students’ openness and daily creative behaviors.