机械精量穴直播和定位施肥对水稻生长与养分迁移的影响

Effects of Mechanized Precise Hill-seeding and Localized Fertilization on Rice Growth and Nutrient Translocation

研究了机械精量穴直播与缓释肥定位条施对水稻生长和田间养分迁移的影响。结果表明,与手工撒播和习惯撒施肥相比,机械精量穴直播和定位条施肥均有利于水稻稳健生长,增加有效穗和每穗粒数,提高产量,同时,也有利于降低田间水层氮含量。此外,机械定位条施肥有利于降低氮、钾向土壤深层的渗漏损失,从而提高肥料利用率。

The effects of mechanized precise hill-seeding and localized fertilization with release-controlled compound fertilizer were studied on the growth of rice and the translocation of nutrients in field. The results showed that the treatment of mechanized precise hill-seeding plus localized fertilization by machine or mechanized fertilization and sowing（ MFS） for short,had a more healthy and stable growth of rice plants,increased productive panicles and spikelets per panicle thus raising the grain yield,and decreased the nitrogen concentration in field water as well, compared with the treatments of traditional spreading and fertilizing by hand. In addition,the localized fertilization by machine decreased the translocation of nutrients of nitrogen and potassium into deep soil,thus raising the fertilizer use efficiency.