我国管角螺的研究现状

Present status on studies of Hemifusus tuba Gmelin in China

名贵贝类的开发研究及增养殖,在提高海水养殖业的规模效益和产业化水平、促进海洋资源持续高效利用中具有重要作用。管角螺(Hemifusus tuba)为浅海大型腹足类动物,具有个体大、经济价值高、人工育苗技术相对简单等优点,是一种很有人工养殖前景的潮间带经济贝类。本文根据管角螺在我国的研究现状,对其生物学、人工繁殖和育苗技术、遗传多样性、分子生物学及能量代谢等方面进行综述,以期为今后管角螺资源保护、规模化增养殖及进一步开发利用提供基础资料。

Shellfish aquaculture has a long history in China. With the constant developing in culture techniques, breakthroughs in artificial rearing techniques and expansion of aquaculture species, shellfish aquaculture has become the pillar industry of China＇ s maricuhure and plays an important role in promoting economic development of fisheries and raising the income of fishermen. However, the increase of the current shellfish aquaculture production mainly depends on the increasing investment and expansion of farm scale. Shellfish aquaculture has sever degradation in germplasm resources, which can induce frequent disease outbreaks, environmental degradation, the lack of aquaculture species with high yield, good quality and strong stress-resistance, and some fingerlings or parents that heacily rely on natural resources of shellfish and even depletion or destruction of natural resources. Therefore, we should energetically strengthen breeding and introduction of new varieties of marine shellfish, especially for new varieties with high economic value and extensive market development prospect. We ought to break through technical difficulties to conduct intensive culture. These measures can provide new varieties with good quality for farmers and raise their income, further promoting sustainable and efficient use of marine resources. Hemifusus tuba （Gmelin）, which belongs to Gastropoda, Neogastropoda, Buccinacea, Galeodidae, is a tropical and sub-tropical species. It mainly lives in offshore sediment along the southeast coastal area. Hemifusus tuba is a kind of healthy food containing high protein and low fat with good taste and rich nutrients. The yield almost relies on natural resources and has gradually reached depletion nowadays. As a consequence of overfishing, the resources are severely damaged, thus it is expensive and in short supply. Owing to its＇ rich nutrients, high economic value and simplified artificial rearing technique, Hemifusus tuba is a large marine Gastropoda with high artificial breeding prospects. Although studies on Hemifusus tuba were carried out not long ago, great progress has been made in terms of ecology and reproductive biology. The article, according to research status and issues on aquaculture of Hemifusus tuba, reviewed studies on biology, artificial propagation and breeding technique, genetic diversity, molecular biology and energy metabolism, to provide reference for resource protection, intensive culture and exploitation of Hemifusus tuba.