刘勰的司马相如批评研究

Research on Liu Xie's Criticism to SIMA Xiangru

司马相如作为汉代辞赋大家,是刘勰《文心雕龙》讨论较多的作家之一。刘勰《文心雕龙》对于司马相如的批评与前人对司马相如的批评截然不同,前人以"依经立论"为原则,而刘勰《文心雕龙》却是以"衔华佩实"为准则,对司马相如的作品从"有韵之文"和"无韵之笔"两个方面进行批评。其一,对"有韵之文"辞赋作品因其过于华丽,而提出批评和指责;其二,对"无韵之笔"诏策文、檄移文和封禅文等作品给予了肯定。刘勰《文心雕龙》对司马相如的批评,显示了刘勰对汉魏以来文学过于追求形式华丽的一种批评。

SIMA Xiangru, a great master of Hart Fu （a literary form）, is one of the writers discussed in Wenxin Diaolong or The Literary Mind and The Carving of Dragons by LIU Xie. LIU Xie＇s criticism for Sima Xiangru was entirely different, in which the former researchers studied it according to the previous argument, while LIU Xie took ＂bear both flowers and fruits -a good essay which has solid substance and beautiful sentences＂ as the criteria. LIU Xie studied the works of SIMA Xiangru from two aspects of rhyme and non rhyme. First, the ＂rhyme＂ works were criticized because they were too luxuriant; second, for the ＂non rhyme＂ works, such as the paper of admonishing policies, announcement, and the paper about the sacrifices of heaven and earth, were given affirmation. LIU Xie＇s criticism to SIMA Xiangru was really a kind of criticism to Han literature for its pursuit of excessive magnificence in form.