“最近发展区”理论及其在教学中的局限性

Zone of Proximal Development Theory and Its Limitation in Teaching

维果斯基超越前人对教学和发展关系的认识,创造性地提出"最近发展区"理论,在其影响和启示下,教育工作者纷纷提出了各种新型的教学模式。但是,由于其本身的缺陷及其与教育现状的不一致导致"最近发展区"理论在教学中的应用不可避免地出现了一些困难,表现出一定的局限性:"最近发展区"只是一个描述性的概念,很难对其进行准确、客观地测量;"最近发展区"具有的个体差异性,给教师准确掌握每个学生的"最近发展区"增加了难度;"最近发展区"具有动态性和情景差异性,教师难以及时把握学生的最近发展区。

Lev Vygotsky proposed the zone of proximal development theory creatively w hich exceeded predecessors＇views on relation between teaching and development .This theory caused a strong reaction in the field of education and psychology .Various kinds of new teaching methods were raised under its influ-ence and enlightenment .However ,its application in teaching inevitably appears some difficulties because of its own disadvantages and disagreements with educational situation ,and shows some limitations ：（1） T he zone of proximal development is only a descriptive concept ,it is difficult to measurement it accurately and objectively ;（2） It is more difficultly to accurately grasp the zone of proximal development of every student for teachers because of its individual differences ;（3） It is difficultly to grasp the zone of proximal development of student timely for teachers because of its dynamic and situational differences .