王国维悲剧思想之转变——以《〈红楼梦〉评论》与《宋元戏曲考》为中心的考察

The Evolvement of Wang Guowei's Views on Tragedy ——Based on the Study of Comments of A Dream of Red Mansions to History of the Song and Yuan Drama

王国维是近代中国首先从西方引进悲剧理论的学者,为中国后来的悲剧研究开了先河。从《〈红楼梦〉评论》到《宋元戏曲考》,王国维的悲剧思想在考察视角的选择、悲剧精神的阐释和结构标准的界定方面虽然已经发生了转变,但却有一以贯之之处。随着对中国古典戏曲研究的系统深入,其悲剧思想从受叔本华的强烈影响到真正走进中国戏曲,从推崇出世解脱到看重"主人翁之意志",从结构上的机械认定到灵活处理,已然发生了转变、发展而进一步成熟了。

Wang Guowei is the first scholar to introduce the tragedy theory from the West in modern times, making history for the following tragedy research in China. From Comments of A Dream of Red Mansions to History of the Song and Yuan Drama, Wan＇s views on tragedy run through them all. But with his thorough and systematic research on Chinese drama, his views, from being strongly influenced by Schopenhauer to being combined with Chinese drama, from having the greatest esteem for seclusion to valuing the will of the masters, from firmly believing its structure rigidly to handling it flexibly, have shifted, developed and then further ma- tured.