露天矿潜孔钻泡沫抑尘剂配方及试验研究

Experimental study on foam dust suppression during downthe-hole drilling in open-pit mine

为有效降低露天矿潜孔打钻作业产生的大量粉尘,并解决湿式抑尘用水量大的问题,基于泡沫抑尘原理,从发泡性能及湿润性能两个方面来设计复配实验。以泡沫综合指数、表面张力、接触角及反向渗透吸重为指标,优选出最佳泡沫抑尘剂配方为α-烯烃磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱和椰子油单乙醇酰胺,各成分质量分数分别为0.15%,0.20%,0.05%和0.50%。经现场试验,验证该配方的泡沫抑尘效果良好,在下风向5 m工作区域内全尘除尘率平均值为87.8%,呼吸性粉尘除尘率平均值为80.7%,明显优于喷雾降尘及干式除尘效果。

In order to efficiently reduce the dust concentration during down-the-hole drilling in the open-pit mine, and to solve the problem of the great use of water with moist dust removing method, based on the foam dust suppression mechanism, the experimental methods for the complex of dust depressor were designed from two parts of foaming and wetting. Taking the comprehensive foaming index, surface tension, contact angle and the weight of reverse permeation as measurement indexes, the best formula was obtained and the mass fraction of Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate, Sodium Alcohol Ether Sulphate, Dodecyl dimethyl betaine and Coconut Monoethanol Amide were respectively 0. 15%, 0. 20% ,0. 05% and 0. 50%. At last, according to field tests, the average suppression rates of total dust and respirable dust were 87.8% and 80.7% in 5 m working area,which were much more effective compared to those of dry and water dedusting.