激励型法的学理探析——以美国《拜杜法案》为切入点

A Theoretical Enquiry on Inspiring Law——From the Perspective of the Bayh-Dole Act

法律的激励功能与惩戒功能、组织管理功能一起构成法律的三大基本功能。遗憾的是,法律的激励功能却很少为法理学所关注,由此功能外化而形成的激励型法,也较少为人所提及。然而,不可否认的是,激励型法对社会稳定及经济发展所起到的作用不容忽视,从古至今它始终是国家进行社会管理的一个重要手段。以激励型法的典型样本——美国《拜杜法案》为切入点,通过解读该法案的背景、内容,挖掘该法案所折射出的激励型法的学理基础与一般特征,可从中得出对我国激励型法运作的启示。

The basic legal function mainly consists of incentive, punishment and organization ＆ management, among which the function of incentive has long been neglected. Inspiring Law, based on and formed by such function, has also been underrated. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the Inspiring Law has played a major role in social stability and economical development, and it remains to be an important tool of the state on social management. This thesis commences its argumentation with the Bayh-Dole Act, a typical sample of Inspiring Law. Through analyzing its background and content, we can reveal the theoretical foundation and general characteristics of Inspiring Law. The local implementation of such kind of law will also benefit from the analysis.