国内流离失所者及其保护及相关国际法问题

The Protection of Internally Displaced Persons and Relevant International Law Issues

国内流离失所者与难民不同的是其没有跨越国境到他国而是在其本国境内流离失所,造成国内流离失所的原因也与造成难民的原因不同,武装冲突、普遍的暴力、侵犯人权、自然灾害等是造成国内流离失所的主要原因。随着国内流离失所者数量的大规模增加,其已成为国际社会面临的重要人道挑战。近年来,联合国发布了《流离失所者指导规则》,非盟制定了《关于保护和救助非洲流离失所者的非洲公约》,表明了国际社会将流离失所者作为单独的受保护的群体进行帮助和保护的趋势。此外,国际人道法中关于禁止在武装冲突中移送或迁移平民的规定,有助于防止流离失所,国际刑法则规定驱逐和移送平民人口构成危害人类罪、战争罪和灭种族罪等国际罪行,国际社会也有这方面的审判实践。联合国难民署、红十字国际委员会等机构将保护国内流离失所者作为其工作内容,并且在保护国内流离失所者中发挥了重要作用。

Internally displaced persons has been an important humanitarian challenges to the international com- munity. The United Nations released a ＇ displaced persons guiding rule＇ , the AU in the development of the African Convention on the protection and assistance of displaced persons in Africa, this shows the trend that the international community will make IDPs a sole group to be protected. Armed conflict, generalized violence, violations of human rights, natural disasters are the main reasons leading to the phenonoun of IDPs, international humantarian law stipulated rules about preventing deportation and forible transfer of cicilians, deportation and forible transfer of cicilian can constitute international crimes. UNHCR, the International Committee of the Red Cross （ICRC） have played an important role in the protection of internally displaced persons.