基于道德基础的社会整合——涂尔干的社会理论及当代中国社会意义

Social Integration Based on Morality:Emile Durkheim's Social Theory and Its Significance for Contemporary Chinese Society

涂尔干社会学思想的核心议题在于,借助于道德基础寻求促进社会团结和社会整合的纽带并以此来试图解决社会转型进程中所遇到的各种危机。他以集体意识的萌生和消解为主线引出机械团结和有机团结的社会类型,渐次发展起来的社会分工一方面促成了工业社会的形成,另一方面也构成了社会整合的威胁。与此同时,在社会分工内部又会内在地创设出一种新的职业伦理道德。这种基于道德基础的社会整合思想对于当代中国社会无疑很有启示性意义。

The core of Durkheim＇s sociological thought is to seek the bond between social unity and social integration on the basis of morality and trying to solve the crisis popping up during the process of social transformation. Durkheim takes the initiation and resolution of the collective consciousness as the main line and then introduces the social type of mechanic and organic unity. Gradually developed social division,on the one hand,helps to bring the industrial society into being; on the other hand,it forms the threat towards social integration. Meanwhile,it invents a new occupation ethics within social division. The thought of social integration with morality as its basis undoubtedly has the enlightening significance for contemporary Chinese society.