块菌资源多样性及其地理分布

Truffles(Tuber spp.):Biodiversity and Geological Distribution

Cultivation of wild edible fungi has been a worldwide hotspot for commercial industry that has been emerged in recent decades for food consumption.The most successful evidence to grow symbiotic mushrooms,however,is only on truffles(Tuber spp.)by growing inoculated hazel(Corylus spp.)or oaks(Quercus spp.)saplings in orchards under desired soil conditions.More than 60 species belonging to the genus Tuber Micheli ex F.H.Wigg.have been reported around the world.Ascocarps of the Périgord black truffle,Tuber melanosporum Vittad.,for instance,which naturally occurs on calcareous soils of open woodlands in Continental Europe can be produced from truffle orchards following artificial inoculation program in France,Italy and even in Southern Hemisphere for commercial consumption.In contrast,there is relatively shorter history of research on hypogeous fungi in China.But an increasing biodiversity of truffle species has been discovered.About 26 species belonging to Tuber genus with 10 more new species have been recorded since 1985.Though truffles were founded in 8 provincial regions(Yunnan,Sichuang,Xizang(Tibet),Xinjiang,Shanxi,Liaoning,Jilin and Fujian)throughout the country,their geological distribution are extremely restricted to highland areas in Yunnan and Sichuang Provinces,south-west of China.T.taiyuanense Liu,T.sinense K.Tao et Liu,T.gigantosporum Y.Wang,T.himalayense Zhang et Minter,T.pseudoexcavatum Y.Wang,T.liui A.S.Xu,T.xizangense A.S.Xu etc were the new species occurred in China.Main distinct morphological characteristics of some key species collected from China's Mainland are also described for comparison with those found outside China.