《被解救的姜戈》:以暴力为仪式的历史演绎

"Django Unchained″: History Interpretation of Violent Ritual

影片《被解救的姜戈》以对美国奴隶制历史和种族问题的触及,集侦探片、冒险片、西部片、动作片等多种体裁于一体的艺术表现方式,以及诙谐与暴力的混搭引起电影行业和观众的强烈反响,褒贬不一。笔者认为,这部影片是以暴力为仪式的历史演绎,既有蹈袭俗套之处,也不乏创新。它虽然直面历史,却存在对历史一定程度的重写和误读;它虽高歌正义与人道,却因过分渲染暴力和仇恨而陷入对严肃主题的过度简化;它虽探讨人性善恶,却对道德含混点到为止;它虽突破黑人在美国电影中的角色定位,却不免陷入对刻板形象的塑造。对这部影片的细致研究将有助于我们在当今电影业发展的语境下,对电影叙事的主体、对象和目的等本质问题进行新的思考。

The film ＂Django Unchained＂ has strongly aroused both positive and negative reactions from film industry and audience, with its touch of the American slavery history and racial problem, combination of detective, adventure, western, and action, and mix of humor and violence. The author considers this film as a history interpretation of ritual based on violence, which has both points of stereotype and innovation. Despite of facing history, the film has rewritten and misread it in some degree. Despite of advocating justice and humanity, the film has over simplified the serious subject by exaggerating violence and hatred. Despite of discussing human nature, the film has just given a light touch to moral ambiguity. Despite of breaking through the American black role in the movie, the film hasn＇t avoided shaping the stereotype. Careful study of this movie will help us rethinking the main body, object and purpose of film narrative in the context of film industry development.