不同水土保持措施及其组合对土壤团聚体及有机质的影响

The Effect of Different Water Conservation Measures and Their Combinations on Aggregate and Organic Matter of Soil

团聚体稳定性及有机质含量是评价土壤质量常用的指标,为了探讨水土流失治理对土壤特性的影响,于2013年,在建于2008年的北安市红星农场径流小区内进行了试验观测,研究了"鼠道"(SD)、"鼠道+垄向区田"(SQ)、"鼠道+暗管"(SA)、"鼠道+暗管+垄向区田"(SAQ)4种不同水土保持措施及组合不同土层深度的团聚体稳定性和有机质含量的变化,并设常规(CK)处理为对照。结果发现,经过6年的水土流失治理,不同水土保持措施及组合的土壤有机质含量均高于未治理情况(常规处理),其中最好的组合为水土流失防治效果较好的"鼠道+暗管+垄向区田"组合。通过选用不同的土壤团聚体稳定性评价指标对比分析发现,不同的措施对土壤团聚体亦产生了影响,其稳定性由大到小依次为"鼠道+暗管+垄向区田"、"鼠道+垄向区田"、"鼠道+暗管"和"鼠道"措施处理。

Aggregate stability and organic matter content are the indexes of evaluating soil quality, to investigate the effect of water and soil loss control on soil properties. In 2013, some experiments were conducted in the runoff plots built in 2008 in Hongxing Farm in Beian, the changes in aggregate stability and soil organic matter content were studied under different soil depths of four different water conservation measures and their combinations treatments including mole drain （SD）, the combinations of mole drain and sub- surface pipe （SA）, mole drain and furrow damming （SQ）, mole drain and subsurface pipe and furrow damming （SAQ）, convention- al treatment （CK）. The results show that, after 6 years soil and water loss control, soil organic matter contents for different treatments were all higher than without governance （conventional treatment）, the best treatment was SAQ which had a better effect on soil and water loss control . An analysis of different evaluation indexes shows that different measures also has effect on soil aggregates, and its stability is in sequence of SAQ〉SQ〉SA〉SD.