温室辣椒不同微咸水膜下滴灌灌溉制度研究

Research on the Irrigation Scheduling of Pepper under Mulch Drip Irrigation with Brackish Water

为寻求微咸水膜下滴灌的最优灌溉制度,分别用微咸水(矿化度为2.7g/L)、净水(矿化度为0.18g/L)、混合水(微咸水与净水按1∶1混合,矿化度为1.6g/L)3种水质,分析5种灌溉制度对辣椒生长和产量的影响,测定了辣椒株高、光合作用、产量、果实品质等指标。结果表明,长期用微咸水灌溉辣椒,其植株整体长势较弱且总产量(4.604 7万kg/hm2)最低。而用净水灌溉,辣椒产量高达6.221 9万kg/hm2,在相同的灌溉量下,能有效提高植株水分利用效率,但会降低辣椒品质,同时利用净水设备进行净化处理会相对增加农民的种植成本。用混合水灌溉辣椒产量(5.404 8万kg/hm2)比微咸水灌溉处理增产14.8%,且有机酸含量低于微咸水灌溉处理,同时可溶性总糖含量高于净水灌溉处理。综合来看,利用矿化度为1.6g/L咸淡水混合灌溉模式,辣椒的产量较高、品质较好,可以在微咸水地区辣椒种植中推广。

For the optimal irrigation system of brackish water drip irrigation, with brackish water （salinity 2.7g/L）, water （salinity 0. 18g/L）,mixed water （brackish water and water mixed by 1：1 ,salinity 1.6g/L） three kinds of water quality, the effect of 5 kinds of irrigation on the growth and yield of pepper is analyzed. The plant height, photosynthesis, yield, fruit quality were measured. The results show that the long-term use of brackish water irrigation, will make the plant growing weaker, and the production （3 069.8 kg/667 m2 ） lower than other treatment. The use of water irrigation yield can reach 4 147.9 kg/667 m2 , the plant water use efficiency is effectively improved under the same irrigation amount. This approach can not only reduce quality but also increase farmers cost. Compared with the brackish water,mixing water＇s yield （ 3 603.2 kg/667 m2 ） increased by 14.8%, and the organic acid content decreased while the content of total soluble sugar was higher than water irrigation. In general, the degree of mineralization of 1.6 g/L mixed brackish water and water irrigation mode can get high yield, good quality. So it can be popularized in the brackish water area.