林木群体遗传资源可持续经营探讨 Ⅱ.我国重要乡土树种天然与人工群体经营分析

An Approach to Sustainable Management of Population Genetic Resources of Trees Ⅱ. Management Analysis of Plantation and Natural Population of Some Autochthonous Tree Species in China

分析了我国 14个已进行过种源试验的乡土树种的生长性状变异规律 ,归纳出一些共同变异特点 ,这些树种在种源间、地点间、种源与地点互作效应都达显著或极显著差异 ,且表现出明显的地理变异规律。根据这些变异特点及某些树种的分子标记研究结果 ,对有关天然林与人工林遗传可持续资源经营进行了分析 ,认为天然林的可持续经营需要强化生境保护 ,采用原境和异境种植保护 ,减少人为干扰 ,建议采用适当遗传材料营造不同类型的人工林 ,以减少由于基因流动引起的对天然林遗传资源的污染。

Appropriate treatment of the relationship between natural population and plantation is an important part of sustainable management of forest tree genetic resource. In this paper genetic variation of fourteen autochthonous tree species in China was comprehensively analyzed, including Pinus tabulae formis, Cunninghamia lanceolata , Pinus massoniana , Ulmus pumila, Pinus armandi, Larix principis rupprechtii, Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Larix olgensis, Pinus koraiensis, Juglans manclshumca, Platycladus orientalis and Pinus taiwanensis . Provenance trials of these species had been conducted and showed that there were many common characteristics of genetic variations in terms of growth traits: the occurrence of significant effects of provenance, site, and interaction between provenance and site, and the existence of obvious geographic variation in terms of growth traits. Population genetic structures of some species assessed using RAPD, allozyme markers, monoterpenes, etc., were also remarked. By integrating these results, authors discussed some strategies for sustainable management of genetic resources in both natural stands and man made plantations. For natural populations, it is suggested to strengthen environmental protection, ex situ and in situ conservation, and to reduce human being disturbance. For plantations, different genetic materials are required so as to reduce the contamination to natural populations caused by gene flow.