打工子弟心理健康状况及影响因素

Current status and influence factors of Harbin migrant pupils' mental health

目的了解哈尔滨市打工子弟心理健康情况,探讨其与影响因素之间的关系,为促进打工子弟的心理健康提供科学依据。方法抽取哈尔滨市3所小学3-5年级所有学生及其家长进行问卷调查。学生问卷：一般情况调查、儿童心理健康诊断测验（MHT）、父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）、核心自我评价量表（CSES）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、母子接纳量表、心理控制量表等;家长问卷：一般情况调查、症状自评量表、流调中心用抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表等。结果1）学生MHT检出率为9.40%。打工子弟MHT检出率（15.01%）高于城市学生（5.26%）（χ2=25.215,P〈0.01）,女生MHT检出率显著高于男生（P〈0.01）;2）家庭和睦、父亲文化程度高、家庭月收入高的打工子弟学生MHT检出率低,但打工子弟在性别和进城年限两项上MHT检出率无统计学差异;3）打工子弟MHT总分与SCL-90总分、家长焦虑、抑郁、父母惩罚严厉、父亲拒绝否认、母子控制等因素呈正相关;与父母情感温暖理解、社会支持、自我评价、母子接纳等因素呈负相关;4）社会支持、家长抑郁、自我评价、家长焦虑、父亲温暖理解、SCL-90依次进入回归方程。结论打工子弟存在着不容忽视的心理健康问题,应引起社会、学校和家庭的广泛重视。

Objective To explore the status of mental health and the influencing factors among migrant pupils in Harbin,and to provide scientific evidence for promoting their mental health. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among pupils and parents,who were chosen from grade 3-5in 3primary schools（42.9% were migrant pupils,57.1% were local pupils）.Pupils＇ questionnaire included general situation,Mental Health Test（MHT）,Egna Minnenav Bardndosna Uppforstran（EMBU）,Core Self-Evaluations Scale（CSES）,Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）,Acceptance Scale and Psychological Control Scale.Questionnaire of parents included general situation,Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90）,Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory（CES-I）and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）. Results 1）The prevalence of mental symptom was 9.40%（87/925）.The rate of mental symptoms was higher in migrant pupils（local pupils 5.26%,migrant pupils 15.01%（χ 2=25.215,P〈0.01）.The rate was also higher in girls（P〈0.01）.The MHT rates of the pupils who growing in a harmonious environment or intact families,whose father had high education level,whose family had high economic levels was lower.But there was no significant difference among migrant pupils＇ who came in to city for different years. There was also no significant difference in gender.3）Migrant pupils mental health had negative correlation with parents Emotional Warmth Understanding,Social Support,Core Self-Evaluations and mother acceptance,and have positive correlation with SCL-90,parents＇ anxiety,parents＇ depression,parents＇ punishment,paternal refusing and denying and mother＇s control. 4）Social support,parents＇ depression,core self-evaluations,parents anxiety,paternal emotional warmth and SCL-90turned into the regression equation.The regression coefficient were-1.050,0.267,-0.261,0.204,0.136,0.129. Conclusions The mental health problem of migrant pupils can not be ignored.Society,schools,families should pay high attention to them.