后危机时代加拿大制造业的发展及其启示

Development of Manufacturing Industry in Canada in Post-Crisis Era and Its Implications

制造业是加拿大经济中最重要的财富创造部门,也是加拿大最大的私营经济部门。2010年至今的数据表明,加拿大制造业的产值、就业、产能利用率、投资和利润等核心指标均正在逐步恢复至全球金融危机前的2008年左右的水平。2011年,加拿大制造业资本性支出大幅回升,利润达到历史最好水平,制造业已成为加拿大通过扩大产能推动增长的重要力量。目前,加拿大制造业面临的挑战主要是:增值产品出口状况恶化,企业创新投入不足、创新能力匮乏,市场需求不足等。为应对挑战,加拿大政府采取了一系列推动制造业走向更加先进、知识技术更加密集以及创造更多的高水平就业的政策措施。加拿大制造业恢复发展的经验以及应对挑战的政策措施,值得我国制造业借鉴。

Aligning with the overall returning trend of manufacturing industries in North America, manufacturing industry in Canada is also in the process of returning. The data since 2010 have indicated that most of the core indicators of manufacturing industries including industrial gross values, employment, capacity utilization, investment, and profitability have gradually recovered to the level of 2008. In 2011, the capital expenditure in Canadian manufacturing industries increased greatly, with profits hitting an all-time high;manufacturing industries in Canada have become a major force to promote economy growth by expanding production capacity. This paper ifrstly analyzes the status of manufacturing industry in Canadian economy, and then gives the detailed description on the situation of its recovering growth now. Further, this paper analyzes the confronted challenges by Canadian manufacturing industry and policy measures taken by the Federal Government to promote manufacturing industry to be more advanced, more knowledge-and technology-intensive and more high-level employment. Finally, this paper provides the implications of its development to Chinese manufacturing industry development and relevant policy recommendations.