急诊患者家属急救知识水平的现况及影响因素分析

Knowledge level of first aids and its influencing factors of relatives and bystanders in emergency situations

目的评估旁观者主要为亲属在紧急情况下的急救知识水平,并探究其影响因素,以期为急救知识的培训以及普及提供理论依据与科学指导。方法研究对象为在2013年5月15日-2013年5月25日,中南大学湘雅医院急诊科116例就诊患者家属,以问卷调查方式进行,第一部分记录社会人口特征（如性别、年龄和教育背景）,第二部分评估急救护理及心肺复苏的知识水平。采用SPSS17统计软件进行统计学分析。结果调查样本中23.5%接受过急救知识的培训,40.9%遇到过需要急救的情况。38.8%的人能够正确地回答正常人的心率范围和呼吸频率范围。关于拨打120应该提供哪些信息的问题,仅有16.4%的人给出了正确答案。仅有6.9%的人了解心肺复苏的正确步骤,34.5%的人了解一点但是不太确定,58.6%的人不知道。对于单人心肺复苏时,人工呼吸与心脏按压的比例的问题,只有2.6%的人给出了正确答案。其中年龄、学历有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。性别、急救经验无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。急救培训（P=0.088〉0.05）无统计学意义。结论公民的急救知识水平及急救技能掌握较薄弱,其影响因素为年龄、学历以及急救培训。特别是急救培训（P=0.088〉0.05）,无统计学意义,提示我国急救培训体系不完善,因此,完善急救培训体系,是提高公民急救知识水平的关键环节。

【Objective】 To assess the level of first-aid knowledge among bystanders in emergency situations and investigate its relevant factors, which will provide a theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the training and spread of first-aid knowledge. 【Methods】 The study was carried out among 116 relatives and bystanders of the patients that visited the emergency department of the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between May 15th 2013 and May 25th 2013 by questionnaires. The first part recorded their socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, educational background, while the second assessed the knowledge of the emergency care and Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The relevant data could be obtained through statistical analysis by the statistical software of SPSS 17.0. 【Results】 23.5% of the sample received first aid training once, 40.9% met the needs of emergency situations. 38.8% could give a correct answer to the normal range of heart rate and respiratory frequency of human beings, while only 16.4% know what information should be provided first when dialing 120. As for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation, only 6.9% people know the correct steps, 34.5% people know a little and the rest know nothing. For the artificial respiration and cardiac compression-ratio when giving a single cardiopulmonary resuscitation, only 2.6% give the correct answer, among which the age, education are statistically significant（P 0.05）, while Gender, first aid experience are not（P 0.05）. First aid training（P =0.0880.05） has no apparent statistical significance. 【Conclusion】 The first aid knowledge and skills,which can be influenced by age, education, and first aid training, are mastered weakly by our citizens. Especially the lack of apparent statistical significance of first aid training（P =0.088 0.05）, shows that our first aid training system is imperfect. Therefore, improving the emergency training system will be the key to improve the level of people＇s first aid knowledge.