基于社区组织与市场驱动的自然保护区管理方法研究

The Study on Community Organizations & Market Driven-based Approach For Natural Reserve Management

社区对自然资源的破坏性利用是中国自然保护区有效管理的最大威胁,而如何有效规范社区对自然资源的利用则是自然保护区有效管理面临的最大挑战。如果市场需求与市场供给之间没有建立起有利于生态保护的联动机制,市场驱动不仅不能规范社区对自然资源的利用,反而刺激社区对自然资源的破坏性利用。"基于社区组织与市场驱动的自然保护区管理方法"就是在自然保护区管理部门的协助下,以生态友好型产品的市场需求为驱动力,通过组建运行类似农民专业合作社、社区自然资源管理小组的社区组织,在市场需求方(产品消费者)和市场供给方(产品生产者或自然资源采集者)之间建立起有利于生态保护的联动机制,规范社区对自然保护区内或周边自然资源的利用,从而改善自然保护区的有效管理。该方法主要由四个要素构成:社区生计对自然资源的高度依赖性、具备社区经济发展和生态保护功能的社区组织、生态友好型市场驱动力以及自然保护区管理部门的协助能力。社区赋权、市场化、透明性、公正性等是该方法的基本原则。

Mostly, the destroyed utilization of natural resources by local communities is the biggest threat to the effective management of natural reserve in China, and the biggest challenge is how to properly regulate the local communities on utilization of natural resources. The increasing markets demand on natural resources will accelerate the damage rather than improve the natural resources management in the communities if no available interaction mechanism for ecological conservation between markets demand and supply. “The Community Organizations ＆ Market Driven-based Approach for Natural Reserve Management” can build an interaction mechanism between the market demanders （consumers） and market suppliers （producers or harvesters of natural resources） for effective management of natural reserve by developing community organizations such as farmers＇ cooperative, or farmers group for natural resources management under the facilitation service of natural reserve administration. The markets demand on ecofriendly products is applied as the power to regulate the communities on utilizing natural resources in or/and outside of natural reserve in this process. There are four key elements about “The Community Organizations ＆ Market Driven-based Approach for Natural Reserve Management”, such as high local dependence on natural resources for community livelihoods, community organizations with the function on local economic development and ecological conservation, ecofriendly market driven power, and the facilitation capacity of natural reserve administration. Empowered community, market driven, transparency and equability are the essential principles for applying “The Community Organizations ＆ Market Driven-based Approach for Natural Reserve Management”.