基于O-D网络的全国中心城市铁路客运联系及其分布规律

China's Central Cities Railway Passenger Transport Connects and Its Distribution Base on O-D network

依据全国286个地级中心城市间完整的交互式"城市—车次—城市"铁路客运数据,采用基于O-D网络的GIS空间分析方法,从全国中心城市铁路联系的空间集聚、任意两中心城市之间的铁路联系、细分车次类型的空间分布规律等多角度解析全国中心城市铁路客运联系的空间格局,精确而清晰地刻画中心城市之间铁路客运联系的空间集聚、网络结构与分布特征。研究表明,全国铁路客运联系分布格局呈现向东倾斜的"开"字型结构,即由京沪—沪深线、京广—京哈线"两纵"与陇海—兰新线、沪昆线"两横"相互交汇而成全国铁路客运的骨架。全国铁路客运联系有三个核心集聚区,即京津冀、长三角及珠三角,北京、上海、广州、武汉、西安、成都共同构成全国性铁路客运联系中心。当空间联系距离大于200km后,铁路客运联系呈现出较规则的三次曲线型距离衰减规律。全国中心城市之间的铁路客运联系近1/2是在空间联系距离500km的范围内实现的,动车组和高铁联系则有2/3比例在此空间距离内完成。随着空间联系距离的逐渐增加,全国铁路客运联系依次表现为城市群或经济区内、省域内、相邻省区、区域乃至大区域间等不同空间尺度的联系。研究显示,长三角与珠三角之间、珠三角与海西经济区之间直接的铁路客运联系相对其优越的地理区位来说较弱,是交通运输布局方面的一个缺失。

According to China＇ s 286 central cities complete interactive ＂city-train-city＂ data, adopts the method of GIS space analysis based on O-D network, through multi research angles from central cities railway passenger transport contacts space agglomeration, arbitrary two central cities railway contacts and its spatial distribution by subdivision train number type, this article analyses China＇ s center cities railway passenger contacts spatial distribution, precisely and clearly describes central cities railway passenger contacts spatial agglomeration, network structures and its distribute characteristics. Research shows that, the national railway passenger contacts distribution appears the shape structure of ＂kai＂ font to east tilt, two vertical lines of Beijing- Shanghai to Shanghai- Shenzhen, Beijing- Guangzhou to Beijing- Harbin, two horizontal lines of Longhai-Lanxin, Shanghai-Kunming, them crossing into the nationwide railway passenger contacts mainly framework. China＇ s railway passenger contacts have three core cluster regions, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Xi＇an, Chengdu together constitute nationwide railway passenger contacts center. Within 200km space distance, because each urban agglomerations or economic rations within the economic contacts is closely, degree of traffic integration is higher, the operational train number of central cities is the sharp increase, outside 200km space distance, the spatial attenuating tendency of railwaypassenger contacts obeys cubic curve rule on the whole. China＇ s central cities railway passenger transport links nearly 1/ 2 is implemented in the 500km range, and the MU trains and high-speed rail contacts each has operated its 2/3 proportion in this distance space. With the gradual increase of spatial distance, the nationwide railway passenger transport links show different space scales contacts as follows within urban agglomerations or economic rations, province region, neighboring provinces, between regions and up to big regions. Research shows that, between the Yangtze River Delta to Pearl River Delta, the Pearl River Delta to western economy zone , direct passenger contacts are weakly which relative to their superior geographical location, that is a defect for nationwide transportation layout.