言说与责任:列维纳斯伦理观念刍议

The Saying and the Responsibility: An Analysis on Levinas' s Ethics

"二战"以后,法国哲学中最为重要的话题之一就是讨论如何建立新的伦理。在此背景下,列维纳斯提出以他者理论来重新认识言说、责任和主体。语言是自我和他者发生关系的主要场所,言说具有前本源性,是接近他者的运动。列维纳斯主张通过所说向言说还原的方式去认识言说的这种前本源性。在言说中,自我被暴露在他者面前,在对他者的回应中形成了责任关系。主体首先作为责任的承担者出现,其不仅要承担起自我的责任,还要承担起对他者的无限责任。这一思想是对近代哲学主体思想的一次批判,也是对伦理思想的一次重大的反思和重建。

After World War II, the most important topic of the French philosophy is to discuss how to establish a new ethics. In this context, Levinas reinterpreted the saying, responsibility and subject with the “Other”Theory. Language is the main lieu for the relation of atman and the other, the said is different from the saying, for the saying is the act approaching to the other. Levinas’ s assertion was that the ex-origin of the saying could be cognized by the return from the said to the saying. The atman is exposed to the other by the saying and the relationship of responsibility will be built. The subject should be responsible for both atman and the other. It is a critics to the modern philosophy as well as a great reflection and rebuilt of ethics.