海洋人类学的文化生态视角

Maritime Anthropology:A Cultural Ecology Perspective

在海洋人类学发展的早期,文化生态范式一直主导着海洋人类学的研究,并且直到今天仍有很重要的影响。海洋人类学的文化生态视角认为,海洋生态系统是产生特殊的海洋社会文化的原因,换而言之,也就是说海洋环境的限制和不确定性会导致人们对于生活特定的应对方式和适应策略,从而产生一个不同于陆地社会的社会文化类型。但是随着海洋人类学自身的发展,从20世纪80年代开始,学者们开始意识到文化生态范式的缺陷,并逐渐转向其他视角和主题的海洋人类学研究。

In the early development of maritime anthropology ,the paradigm of cultural ecology has dominated the research of maritime anthropology ,and still been a very important influence until today . Maritime anthropology from the perspective of cultural ecology holds the view that the marine ecosystem is responsible for producing special marine socio-culture .In other words ,the constraints and uncertainties of marine environment lead to people＇s particular approaches and adaptation strategy to life ,w hich result in a different type of social culture unlike that in the land society .But with the self-development of the discipline ,scholars have realized the defects of the paradigm of cultural ecology from the 1980s ,and gradually turned to other perspectives and themes in the research of maritime anthropology .