仲裁裁决不予执行的救济程序和立法完善研究——兼论《民事诉讼法》第225条与第237条的适用和关系

The Remedy Procedure and Legislation Improvement of Non-Enforcement of the Arbitration Award ——The Application and Relationship between Articles 225 and 237 of the Civil Procedure Law

仲裁裁决被依法裁定不予执行的,当事人可以达成新的仲裁协议再次申请仲裁,也可以另行起诉。但不予执行仲裁裁决的裁定确有错误的,当事人应当有权申请执行异议或者通过执行监督维护自己的合法权益。司法实践中存在一种误区,即法院以《民事诉讼法》第237条的规定为由剥夺当事人依据《民事诉讼法》第225条之规定申请执行异议的权利,亟待立法规范。仲裁裁决不予执行制度有其存在的独立价值,但需要立法重造,一是将之与仲裁裁决的撤销制度进行明确界分,二是协调好仲裁裁决不予执行救济与执行异议制度的关系,三是对不予执行裁定的异议进行立法完善,四是加强对不予执行裁定的执行监督,赋予当事人对不予执行裁定的上诉权、申请再审权。

When the arbitration award is ruled not to perform in accordance with the law ,the party may apply for arbitration again with a new arbitration agreement ,or file a separate lawsuit .But if the non-enforcement of arbitration award is wrong ,the party shall exercise the right of opposition to execution or supervision over execution to maintain their ow n legitimate rights and interests .T here is a mistaken idea in the judicial practice ,i .e .the court usually deprives the party of the right （endowed by Article 225 of the Civil Procedural Law ） to apply for execution objection based on Article 237 of the Civil Procedural Law . The system of non-enforcement of arbitration award has its independent value of existence ,but needs to remake .The first measure is to be clearly distinguished with the cancellation system of the arbitral award ;the second is to coordinate the relationship between the relief of non-enforcement of arbitration award and execution objection system ;the third is to perfect the objection of non-enforcement decision ;the fourth is to exercise supervision over non-enforcement decision ,and give the party a right to appeal or application for retrial of non-enforcement .