松花江流域冰封期水功能区限制纳污控制研究

Research on the regulation of water function reaches pollution load in freezeup period of Songhuajiang River Basin

提出水功能区限制纳污控制率的概念,即入河污染量在其纳污能力范围内的水功能区个数占核算区域中水功能区总数的比例。该概念弥补了水功能区水质达标率、限制排污总量等指标在支撑最严格水资源管理中的不足。针对寒区冰封期水体自净能力降低、废污水难以达标排放造成的高水环境风险,建立了基于分布式水文模型的冰封期水功能区纳污能力计算方法。将相关理念和方法应用于松花江流域,开展了面向水功能区限制纳污控制的冰封期水质水量联合调控研究。结果显示,在强化节水和水利工程合理调度的水量优化调控方案下,松花江流域污水处理厂在2020年冰封期要全部达到一级B排放标准,工业废水全部达到二级排放标准,方能基本实现90%的水功能区限制纳污控制率目标。

The paper proposes a concept of the ratio of water function reaches under regulation of pollution load, which means the quantitative proportion of water function reach in which the total amount of pollution is less than its pollution capacity,for assistant the strictest water resources management system. According to the high water environment risk of cold area in freezeup period,which caused by declining self-puri-fication capacity and high pollutant concentration of treated sewage, the paper build a calculation model of water function reach pollution capacity in freezeup period based on distributed hydrological model. Apply the concept and model to the Songhuajiang River basin,the paper do a research of united regulation of water quantity and quality in freezeup period. The result shows that under the optimal water quantity regulation proposal of intensive water-saving and water conservancy projects regulation, for achieve the aim of 90 % of the ratio of water function reaches under regulation of pollution load, all of the wastewater treatment plants in the Songhuajiang River basin should reach the discharge standard IB in freezeup period in the year of 2020,and the industrial waste water should reach the discharge standard Ⅱ.