新疆盐碱地生物改良的必要性与可行性

Necessity and Feasibility of Biotic Improving the Saline and Alkaline Land in Xinjiang

盐碱地资源的利用、盐渍化耕地的改良 ,在有盐碱地的地区 ,是农业生产发展的重要环节之一。新疆盐碱地总面积 2 181.4× 10 4 hm2 ,占全国盐碱土 (9913× 10 4 hm2 )面积的 2 2 .0 1% ;在 40 7.84× 10 4 hm2 耕地面积中 ,受不同程度盐化危害的面积占 30 .12 %。生物改良盐碱地 ,指利用耐盐植物直接种植 ,通过常规灌溉 ,不需要任何附加条件和设施 ,将土壤盐分控制在植物根系土层以下的土体中。新疆漫灌式种植生产有利于这种生物改良。生物改良盐碱地 ,灌溉水利用率高 ,又利于生态环境的良性循环和永久性建设。种植根系较多、较深的耐盐植物 ,土壤盐分在灌水条件 ,向下移动较深。

Utilizing the resource of saline and alkaline land, ameliorating the salinization cropland, are the important link of the developing agricultural production ,in regions of saline and alkaline land. The area of the saline and alkaline land in Xinjiang which have 21 814 thousand hectare, is 22.01% by comparison with the total area of saline and alkaline land of the whole country. The area that have being imperiled in different degree by salinization take 30.12%, in 4 078.4 thousand hectare of the cropland in Xinjiang. Biotic reclamation of the saline and alkaline land means the direct planting of the salt- enduring plant in salinization land, in conventional irrigation, not to require any subsidiary condition and facilities,in which the soil salinity is retained beyond the root system zone in soil profile. The plant produce of the flooding form is in favor of this kind ameliorative mode in Xinjiang. Biotic amelioration mode, the irrigative water is high utilized by plants,in favor of the favorable circulation and perpetual build of the ecological environment system. When the salt-enduring plant of the more root system and the deep root system is planted,the salinity move down deep in soil profile,with the irrigation.