梭砂贝母的传粉生物学研究

Pollination biology of Fritillaria delavayi

为了探明梭砂贝母Fritillaria delavayi的繁殖特性,对其传粉生态学进行了观察和实验。结果表明,梭砂贝母套袋后也能结实(11%),但远低于自然条件下的结实率(87%),说明梭砂贝母的传粉过程主要依赖传粉媒介完成。苏氏熊蜂Bombus sushikini是其主要的传粉昆虫,访花频率每朵花为0.003次/min。整个种群的花期长达35 d,单花的花期为11 d,花粉活力和柱头可授性均可维持9 d,长于已报道的其他贝母属植物。熊蜂传粉和较长的花粉活力与柱头持续能力可能是梭砂贝母在极端恶劣的高山地区维持有性生殖的一个重要原因。

In this study,the processes of pollination ecology of Fritillaria delavayi were investigated to document its reproductive characteristics.Some individuals of F.delavayi could produce seeds under bagging without emasculation（11%）,but the rate was significantly lower than that of the natural control（87%）.It is suggesting that pollination of F.delavayi largely depends on pollen vectors.Bombus sushikini was the only effective pollinator of F.delavayi and the visitation frequency was 0.003 time·flower- 1·min- 1.Flowering of F.delavayi in whole population lasted for 35 d and single flower for 11 d.Pollen viability and stigma receptivity lasted for9 d and were relatively long compared with other Fritillaria genus plants.Consequently,bumblebee pollination and long floral longevity seem to be important for reproductive assurance of F.delavayi in harsh alpine environments.