关中地区小麦超高产育种问题探讨

Strategy of super high grain yield breeding in Guanzhong Area

关中地区当前小麦超高产育种的产量指标为 10 0 0 0 kg/ hm2 。产量性状和光合生理性状是决定品种产量潜力的关键性状 ,超高产育种重点应进行单位面积穗数、穗粒重、穗粒数、花后 2 1～ 30 d平均光合速率、花后30 d绿叶面积、灌浆高峰期单穗平均日增重、灌浆高峰持续时间、生物学产量、收获指数等 9个性状的遗传改良。集优交配法是选育超高产品种的有效育种技术。为了适应超高产育种的纵深发展要求 ,要加强光合生理特性。

Now the yield index of super high yield breeding on wheat is 10 000 kg/hm 2 in Guanzhong Area.Yield and photosynthetic and physiologic traits are keys determining yield potential of cultivars.Emphasis of superhigh yield breeding is traits genetic improvement which includes ears per hm 2,kernel weight per ear,kernel number per ear,mean photosynthetic rate of 21-30 d postflora,green leaf area of 30 d postflora,diurnal mean increasing weight per ear at peak filling stage, duration of filling peak,biomass and harvest index.Hybrid method of accumulating good points is an effective breeding technique for selecting super high yield cultivars.In order to meet the need of further development of super high yield breeding,basic theory study such as photosynthetic and physiologic characters,traits genetic law and so on,and the innovation of super high yield and big ear material should be enforced.