甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期叶片挥发物组成及其对亚洲玉米螟的电生理活性

Leaf volatiles of sugarcane and corn during different growth stages and electroantennogram response of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis to them

为了研究甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期叶片挥发物成分的差异及挥发物对亚洲玉米螟的电生理活性,采用溶剂漂洗法和气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)提取、分析了甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)苗期、甘蔗茎伸长期、玉米(Zea mays)苗期、吐丝期叶片挥发物,并通过触角电位技术测定了亚洲玉米螟对其中24种挥发物的电生理反应。结果表明:甘蔗苗期、玉米苗期分别分离出45种、38种化合物,而甘蔗茎伸长期和玉米吐丝期分别鉴定出44种、42种化合物。甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期挥发物成分存在差异,其中在甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期叶片中均存在的化合物有25种,玉米特有化合物有4种,甘蔗特有化合物有12种。甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期挥发物种类主要包括萜类、绿叶气味、醛类、酮类、酸类、醇类、酯类、酰胺类和烃类,且这些化合物的含量在甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期之间存在着差异,但均以烃类化合物的含量最高。亚洲玉米螟交配雌蛾对检测的24种挥发物均可产生EAG反应,表现出绿叶气味>萜类和醛类化合物>酸类和烃类化合物的总体反应趋势,其中以顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯的反应相对值最大(145.91±5.43);交配雌蛾的反应相对值在同一类化合物(绿叶气味除外)间差异不显著,说明亚洲玉米螟对同一类化合物的嗅觉辨识能力较差。本研究结果为进一步探明植物挥发物对亚洲玉米螟的行为影响奠定了基础。

The volatile chemicals were collected by rinsing the leaves of sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum） and corn （Zea rnays） with dichloromethane during different growth stages, and were analyzed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The electro-physiological response of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis to 24 selected volatile compounds was recorded by electroantennogram （FAG）. The results indicated that 45 and 38 compounds were identified in the seedling stage of the sugarcane and the corn, respectively, while 44 and 42 com-pounds were found in the stem elongation stage of the sugarcane and the corn silking stage, respectively. Among the identified compounds, 25 compounds were found in both corn and sugarcane leaves during different stages. And 4 compounds were found only in the corn leaves, while 12 compounds were present merely in the sugarcane leaves. The volatiles from the leaves of sugarcane and corn were terpenoids, green leaves, aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols, esters, amides, and hydrocarbons, and their contents differed between corn and sugarcane during different stages. Howevcr, the content of hydrocarbons was the most both in sugarcane and corn. All of the 24 tested volatile compounds elicited FAG responses of mated female moths. The green leaf volatiles elicited strong response, and （Z）-3-hexenyl acetate elicited the largest FAG value. The terpenoids and aldehydes elicited moder- ate responses, and acids and hydrocarbons elicited weak responses. The EAG values of the mated females to the compounds of the same type （except green leaf volatiles） showed no differences, and it suggested that the Asian corn borer did not discriminate the compounds of the same type effectively by olfaction. The study provides the basis for exploring the effect of plant volatiles on the behaviors of the Asian corn borer on corn and sugarcane.