有机硅表面活性剂和黄原胶对多菌灵和三唑酮在小麦叶片上耐雨水冲刷能力的影响

Effects of organosilicon surfactants and xanthan gum on the rainfastness of carbendazim and triadimefon in wheat leaves

为明确有机硅表面活性剂和黄原胶对杀菌剂在靶标作物上行为的影响,采用高效液相色谱分析法,在无降水和模拟降水条件下研究比较了有机硅表面活性剂和黄原胶对多菌灵和三唑酮在小麦叶片上的沉积量和耐雨水冲刷能力,并通过田间小区试验,研究了这两种助剂对多菌灵和三唑酮防治小麦赤霉病效果的影响。结果表明:加入有机硅表面活性剂聚醚聚酯有机硅2230或黄原胶均可提高多菌灵和三唑酮在小麦植株上的沉积量,聚醚聚酯有机硅2230浓度为1.0mL/L时两种杀菌剂在叶片中的沉积量最高,而黄原胶的最佳用量为20mg/L。在模拟降雨条件下,加入黄原胶或聚醚聚酯有机硅2230可增强多菌灵和三唑酮耐雨水冲刷能力,提高防治小麦赤霉病的效果。模拟降水2h,黄原胶浓度为10mg/L时,多菌灵和三唑酮的淋失率分别从74.26%和81.57%降低到16.0%和28.25%,对小麦赤霉病的防治效果从29.68%和26.39%提高到63.45%和60.98%;添加聚醚聚酯有机硅2230浓度为1mL/L时,多菌灵和三唑酮的淋失率分别为49.38%和54.67%,防治效果达52.77%和47.83%;但模拟降水6h时,即使添加助剂多菌灵和三唑酮对小麦赤霉病的防效也较低。

To define the effects of organosilicon surfactants and xanthan gum on fungicides attached onto the target crops,the deposition amount and rainfastness of carbendazim and triadimefon were compared without rain or with simulated rainfall by the method of meteorological chromatographic analysis.The results indicated that organosilicon surfactants and xanthan gum could increase the deposit amount of the fungicides in wheat.1.0 mL/L organosilicon surfactants or 20 mg/L xanthan gum was the best,respectively.The additives could also enhance the rainfastness of carbendazim and triadimefon and improve the control effects on wheat scab disease under simulated rainfall conditions.Simulated rainfall for 2 hours,the leaching loss rate of carbendazim and triadimefon with 10 mg/L xanthan gum dropped to 16.0% and 28.25% from 74.26% and 81.57%,respectively,and the control effects on wheat scab disease were raised to 63.45% and 60.98% from 29.68% and 26.39%,respectively.Similarly,the leaching loss rate and control effects of the two fungicides with 1.0 mL/L organosilicone showed the same trend.Simulated rainfall for 6 hours,the control effects,even with additives,were lower.