甘肃玉米主要病害发生动态调查

Occurrence dynamics of maize diseases in Gansu Province

为了掌握甘肃玉米病害的发生动态,明确主要病害的流行趋势,采用随机抽查法调查了甘肃庆阳、平凉、天水、陇南、定西、武威和张掖7个市/地区的玉米病害类群。结果表明,普通锈病、红叶病和穗腐病普遍发生并较严重,在7个市/地区的平均病株率分别为81.6%、80.6%和77.3%;大斑病、纹枯病、交链孢叶斑病、茎腐病、小斑病、瘤黑粉病和鞘腐病局部发生较重,在7个市/地区平均病株率分别为83.3%、44.9%、29.1%、27.5%、25.6%、14.4%和8.3%,矮花叶病和丝黑穗病普遍发生但发病较轻,在7个市/地区病株率分别为3.1%和1.1%,但矮花叶病在旱作区平凉市依然严重,丝黑穗病在武威市和张掖市的玉米制种田发病率依然较高。调查表明,甘肃玉米叶部病害、穗腐病和茎腐病有加重趋势,今后应该加强多病害抗性品种选育和防治用化学药剂的筛选研究。

To understand the occurrence dynamics and tendency of maize disease in Gansu Province,investigations have been taken in seven maize production ecotypes,including Qingyang,Pingliang,Tianshui,Longnan,Dingxi,Wuwei and Zhangye by collecting field samples randomly during 2009-2012.The results showed that common rust,red leaf disease and Fusarium/Gibberella ear rot were severe in seven areas with infection rate of 81.6%,80.6% and 77.3%,respectively.Northern corn leaf blight,banded leaf and sheath blight,Alternaria leaf spot,stalk rot,southern corn leaf blight,common smut and sheath rot were serious in some production areas with infection rate of 83.3%,44.9%,29.1%,27.5%,25.6%,14.4% and 8.3%,respectively.Dwarf mosaic disease and head smut were common but not severe with infection rate of 3.1% and 1.1%.Dwarf mosaic disease was severe in Pingliang,and head smut was serious in Wuwei and Zhangye.Maize leaf spot diseases,Fusarium/Gibberella ear rot and stalk rot occurred widely and seriously in recent years.It is important to pay close attention to these diseases and apply resistant varieties and fungicides for the main diseases control.