厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺研究进展

Nitrogen removal with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process

厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)新型生物脱氮工艺能同时去除氨和亚硝酸盐,并且因其运行成本低、无二次污染等优点,而具有广阔的应用前景。但其倍增时间过长(11天),受影响的因素较多等特点使其难以工业化,因此得到了广泛关注。本文综述了厌氧氨氧化工艺应用的研究现状,其单级系统具有投资少、占地小等优点,而两级系统则运行更灵活、稳定;剖析了其温室气体(N2O)排放特性,对厌氧氨氧化过程中可能的N2O代谢途径进行分析并就现有单级系统与两级系统N2O的排放数据进行归纳;讨论了厌氧氨氧化工艺运行的稳定性,就一些对该工艺产生抑制作用的因素进行总结,如重金属、抗生素、酚类等有毒物质;最后对厌氧氨氧化工艺未来研究和应用动态进行了展望,预测该工艺今后在低温环境中的应用以及从单一的氨氮去除到多种污染物去除的可能性。

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ANAMMOX） process is a promising biological nitrogen removal process without secondary pollution because it can remove ammonia and nitrite simultaneously with low operation cost. But the long doubling time of the bacteria（11days） and variety of influencing factors make it difficult to industrialization. The application of ANAMMOX process was reviewed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of one-stage system and two-stage system were discussed. Secondly , the analysis of the emission characteristic of the greenhouse gas （N2O） is proposed as well as the present emission data of N2O based on the one-stage system and two-stage system. Then the stability of ANAMMOX process and the limitations were discussed,such as heavy metals,antibiotics,phenols and other toxic substances. Finally,the prospect of ANAMMOX process for future research and dynamic application were analyzed,forecasting the possibility of the application of the process in low temperature situations and the removal of single ammonia nitrogen to multi pollutant in the future.