情往会悲,文来引泣:中国哀感文学溯源

Origin of Chinese Sorrow Emotion Literature

作为一种独特的文学体裁,中国文学史上哀辞的最早源头是《诗经·秦风·黄鸟》篇,它具有后代哀辞的基本特征。由哀伤夭折人到哀悼父母亡,再到悲哀国破家亡,感伤繁重徭役、征战、苦难生活,伤离别、叹孤苦,忧心失意婚恋以及感时伤怀等等,人生一切不如意事尽在诗人笔下,《诗经》因此成为中国哀感文学的源头。它采用赋比兴手法所描写和表达的悼者的哀悯、忧国者的感伤、征夫的悲苦、恋人的离愁以及弃妇的哀怨之情,永远积淀在中国文化之中,成为中国传统诗文创作中的永恒的题材。

As a unique literary genre, the earliest source of lament in the history of Chinese literature is the text from Yellow Bird in the Book of Songs. There are many sad performances in Book of Songs, such as dy-ing young, the death of parents, grief for country perishes and expeditions, injuries and parting, feeling lonely, worried or frustrated etc. So the Book of Songs is the source of Chinese sorrow emotion literature. Its contents and methods of performance have forever accumulated in Chinese culture, becoming the eternal themes of the traditional literary creation.