养老院老年人学习风格调查分析

Learning styles of elderly nursing home residents:a survey study

目的了解养老院老年人的学习风格分布特点,以期为健康教育者制定教育策略提供参考。方法采用修订的VARK学习风格问卷对沈阳市5所养老院居住的200名老年人进行学习风格调查。结果养老院老年人的学习风格类型分布为:听说型最多(125人,占62.5%),其次为多重学习风格(70人,占35.0%)、读写型(3人,占1.5%)及体验型(2人,占1.0%)。多重学习风格中,双重倾向34人,其中听觉型+体验型28人,占82.4%,三重倾向和四重倾向分别为20人和16人。居住养老院级别、不同文化程度和经济状况的老年人学习风格存在统计学差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论沈阳市养老院居住的老年人的学习风格以听说型和多重型为主,应根据老年人的学习特点制定相应的健康教育策略,以提高教育效果。

Objective To explore the learning styles of elderly nursing home residents, and to provide health educators reterences for formulating teaching strategy. Methods Two hundred elderly residents were selected from five nursing homes of Shenyang city and completed the revised VARK learning style inventory. Results Of these 200 elderly residents, 125 （62.5 %） of the residents felt into the auditory category; 70（35.0%） fell into the multimodal category; 3（1.5%） fell into the read/write category; and 2（1%） fell into the kinesthetic category. Of the elderly nursing home residents who preferred multiple modes of information presentation, some preferred two modes （bimodal, 34 residents）, three modes （trimodal, 20 residents）, or four modes （quadmodal, 16 resi- dents）. Of the elderly nursing home residents who preferred two modes of information presentation, 28（82.4 %） preferred auditory and kinesthetic. There were significant differences in learning styles among the elderly residents from different nursing homes and with different educational backgrounds and financial status （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The elderly residents living in nursing homes in Shenyang city preferred auditory and multimodal information presentation. It is necessary to develop appropriate teaching strategies based on the learning characteristics of the elderly, so as to improve effects of health education.