樟树挥发油的提取及包合物制备与鉴定研究

Extraction of Volatile Oil from Camphor Tree and Study on Prepration and Identification of Its β-cycoldextrin Inclusion Compound

目的比较湖南樟树老叶、嫩叶、落叶、籽中挥发油含量差异,制备樟树挥发油的β-环瑚精包合物并对其进行鉴定。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;以挥发油包合率为评价指标,对研磨法、饱和水溶液法、超声法进行比较,并采用正交试验法优选研磨法的最佳包合工艺条件;通过薄层色谱法、紫外可见吸收光谱法、差示扫描量热法对包合物进行鉴定。结果 6-7月的样本中,樟树挥发油的平均得率分别为老叶1.58%、嫩叶1.52%、落叶0.84%、籽1.39%。优选的包合方法为研磨法,最佳包合工艺为β-环瑚精与挥发油的投料比为10∶1,加4倍量水,研磨2 h。樟树挥发油包合前后的薄层色谱、紫外可见吸收图谱均无差异;包合物、β-环瑚精、挥发油、β-环瑚精与油物理混合物的热分析图谱有显著差异。结论樟树挥发油的含量以老叶较高;本试验优选的包合工艺合理、稳定。

Objective To study the content of volatile oil from old leaves, tender leaves, fallen leaves and seeds of cinnamomum camphora tree in Hunan, China. To prepare and identify the volatile oil of its β-cycoldextrin inclusion compound. Methods The volatile oil was extracted by water-steam distillation. With inclusion rate as the index, trituration method, saturated water solution method and ultrasound method were compared. The optimum conditions were investigated by the orthogonal test. The inclusion compound was identified by thin-layer chromatography （TLC）, ultraviolet visible spectrum （UV-Vis） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Results From June to July, the average content of volatile oil extracted from old leaves, tender leaves, fallen leaves and seeds were 1.58%, 1.52%, 0.84% and 1.39%, respectively. The optimum preparation conditions were as follows：the ratio of β-cyclodextrin and volatile oil was 10∶1, the adding water was 4 times and inclusing time was 2 h. Before and after inclusion, the spectrum of TLC and UV-Vis of volatile oil showed no obvious change. The DSC of inclusion compound,β-cycoldextrin, volatile oil and the mixture had significant differences. Conclusion The amount of the volatile oil from old leaves is higher. The optimized condition of inclusion is stable and reasonable.