三代视阈下龙崇拜的另类启示

Offbeat Implications of Dragon Worship of Pre-qin Period

龙一般被认为是中华民族的图腾崇拜圣物,龙原型更是先秦学术界的热门问题,其研究可谓浩如烟海,但笔者以为依然存在探讨的空间。夏商周秦四代,皆是玄鸟崇拜时期,玄鸟代表太阳,因此中华民族最初是太阳的子孙;而龙崇拜来源于古蛇恐惧,最初是禁忌巫术原理下巫术活动里的中介物,在上古历史中更多是邪恶的象征,直至龙的怪胎褒姒灭周,演变到《史记》汉高祖故事,龙才取得了图腾上的神圣地位,"龙之传人"对"太阳子孙"的取代,是中华民族的一场文化大悲剧。

Dragon is generally regarded as a totem of Chinese nation, and dragon prototype is a hot issue in the ac- ademic circles of pre-qin period. The research on dragon is multitude, but it could be further discussed. The nation worship of Xia, Shang, Zhou and Qin Dynasty was the phoenix which represented the sun ; hence, the Chinese nation was the descendant of the sun. And the dragon worship originated from fear of ancient serpent. It was originally intermediary in witchcraft activity guided by taboo witchcraft and the symbol of evil in remote ages. It didn＇t attain totem status until Baosi overthrown Zhou Dynasty. The replacement of ＂descendant of dragon＂ for ＂descendant of sun＂ is a tragedy in Chinese culture.