不同氮、磷、钾水平对苦荞产量和品质的影响

Effects of different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality of tatary buckwheat

采用3414完全施肥方案以黔苦6号为试验对象,测定其株高等生物学性状和籽粒中部分营养保健成分(总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、黄酮)的含量。结果表明,不同的N、P、K配比对黔苦6号的产量及品质有明显的影响。黔苦6号的株高、主茎分枝和主茎节数在N2P2K2时最高,单株粒数在N2P3K2处理最多,单株粒重和亩产量在N2P2K1处理最高,千粒重在N2P1K1处理最高;总淀粉含量在N2P1K2处理最高,在N0P0K0处理最低;直链淀粉含量在N0P0K0处理最高、N2P0K2处理时最低;支链淀粉在N1P2K1处理最高;黄酮含量在N0P2K2处理最高,支链淀粉和黄酮含量在N0P0K0处理最低。综合产量和品质的研究结果,认为N2P2K1水平处理在14个处理中最好,而通过通过三元二次肥料效应函数和一元二次肥料效应函数,得到的施肥信息其施肥量及产量为:N,75.62 kg·hm-2;P,24 kg·hm-2;K,17.21 kg·hm-2;Y,1539.95 kg·hm-2。

In this paper, we used ＇qianku6＇ of tatary buckwheat as experiment materials to determine the botany, the contents of nutritional and healthy components （total starch, amylose, amylopectin and flavonoids） with ＇3414＇treatment of fertilizer. The results showed that there were obvious influence on the yield and quality of ＇qianku6＇ with different rations of N, P and K. The plant height, main stem branch, and main stem node of ＇qianku6＇ were highest when treated with N2P2K2, and the per grain number of ＇qianku6＇was most when treated with N2P3K2.When treated with N2P2K1, the per grain weight and yield were highest. The thousand ker- nel weight were highest when treated with N2P1K1.When treated with N2P1K2, the total starch content was highest, while it was lowest when treated with NOPOK0. The amylose content was highest when treated with NOPOK0, while the amylosecontent was lowest when treated with N2POK2. When treated with N1P2K1, the amylopectin content was highest. The flavonoids contents were highest when treated with NOP2K2; the amy- lopectin and the contents of flavonoids were lowest when treated with NOPOK0. It was concluded that N2K2P1 was best among 14 fertilizer treatments, and the results of fertilizer application and yield by using three-factor secondary fertilizer effect function and one-factor quadratic fertilizer effect function showed as follows： N, 75.62 kg·hm^-2; P, 24 kg·hm^-2; K, 17.21 kg·hm^-2 Y, 1539.95 kg·hm^-2.